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Karpathy coined "vibe coding" in February 2025 as a fun way to throw away weekend projects. The 2026 audits show what happens when the workflow leaks into production — the debt is real, it is comprehension debt, and it was deferred rather than erased.

Spam means junk because of a 1970 Monty Python sketch in which Vikings chant "SPAM" until it drowns out all conversation. The term moved through MUDs and Usenet to email, and Hormel — which trademarked SPAM in 1937 — eventually made peace with the lowercase generic use.

Java started as "Oak," named after a tree outside James Gosling's window at Sun. A trademark conflict forced a rename in 1995, and the replacement was picked over coffee — Java, the Indonesian coffee the team drank by the gallon. The steaming-cup logo made the accident official.

JavaScript was written in ten days in May 1995, shipped as LiveScript, and renamed JavaScript in December as a marketing co-branding deal with Sun. The name is a trademark, the language is unrelated to Java, and the standard had to be called something else entirely.

Prompt engineering was the 2023 job that mostly meant typing nicely at a chatbot. In 2025 Karpathy and Shopify's CEO renamed the real version of it — context engineering — and the rename was a promotion.

Three protocols showed up to standardise agentic AI — MCP for agent-to-tool, A2A for agent-to-agent, ACP for lightweight agent messaging. One of them is already dead.

'Agentic' was the word of the year, and Gartner reckons only about 130 of the thousands of vendors selling agents are shipping one. Here is the precise definition — a loop with tools, planning, state, and retry — the line that separates a real agent from a single LLM call wearing a cost...

The Model Context Protocol went from an Anthropic side-project in November 2024 to 97 million monthly SDK downloads by March 2026. Here is what it actually is — JSON-RPC, three primitives, a client-server split — why it won by turning M×N integrations into M+N, and why just a protocol...

Bluetooth is named after a 10th-century Danish king, Harald "Bluetooth" Gormsson, who united warring tribes — the analogy Jim Kardach drew when he proposed it as a codename in 1996. The logo is a bind-rune of the king's initials. The codename was never meant to ship.

The real engineering discipline behind shipping reliable LLM features is not prompting — it is evals. They are to LLM apps what unit tests are to deterministic code, except you measure pass-rates and distributions instead of exact equality.